The Eastern Indigo Snake is the largest non-poisonous snake in North America. It was federally
listed as a threatened species in 1978. Human exploitation combined with habitat loss and degradation now restrict the species mostly to Florida.  Early habitat accounts emphasized the association of Eastern Indigo Snake with xeric sand ridge habitats and their dependence on Gopher Tortoise burrows for overwintering. The Indigo Snake is a top predator of a variety of prey including birds, young turtles, frogs, and other snakes, including rattlesnakes.

     Habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation are the greatest threats to the Indigo Snake. Conditions that favor suitable prey populations and provide opportunity for prey capture may be important. Gopher Tortoise burrows are used by many potential prey items and Indigo Snakes capture prey, such as other snakes, in these locations.  Fire suppression has a negative influence on Gopher Tortoises and possibly Indigo Snakes. Indigo Snakes use active burrows but may prefer inactive and abandoned burrows. Other den sites include wind throws and hollow root channels of large live oaks. Indigo Snakes frequently use disturbed areas where clearing has occurred and where debris piles remain.